Advanced Note (2022): Rare causes of Mitral Stenosis include severe mitral annular calcification (usually seen in end-stage Renal Failure) - Endomyocardial fibroelastosis - Malignant carcinoid syndrome -Systemic lupus erythematosus - Whipple disease, Fabry disease, Rheumatoid arthritis RA, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) use.